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Photogiaphic 

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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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0 


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Coloured  covers/ 
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I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
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The 
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I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

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I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


The 
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oft 
filn 


Ori 

be( 

the 

sioi 

oth 

firs 

sioi 

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The 
sha 
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whi 

Ma 
diff 
enti 
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righ 
reqi 
met 


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This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous 

10X                             14X                             18X                             22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 

16X 

20X 

Wf^^V' 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grAce  k  la 
g6n6ro8it6  de: 

BIbliothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


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conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fllmage. 


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the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  Impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  Impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  Impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
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dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
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d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  •^►(meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  sulvants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ^>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  II  est  fllm6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  it  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


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PETEE   BELL 


IRON  COMPANY, 


LAKE    SUPERIOR, 


ALGOMAII    COUNTY,    CANADA    WEST, 


BOSTON: 

S.     CHISM, -FRANKLIN     PRINTING     HOUSE. 

No.      112      CONOEE38      STEBBT. 

1865. 


mmjmmmumimmm  nutM 


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1/  II  o  P  T  ^  E  c  ':r  u  s 


OK     THE 


PETER  BELL  IRON  COMPANY, 


LAKE    SUrERIOR,    NOR'ilt    SIIOUE, 


AUiOMAJr    COrXTY,    CANADA    AVEST. 


\ 


It  is  Avt'll-known  that  the  Iron  of  I«ik(*  Superior,  tlioui,'h 
but  recently  discovered,  is  now  admitted  to  be  the  best  in 
the  M'orld.  This  is  shown  by  the  following  analysis  by  I'rof. 
Johnson,  giving  the  strength  per  square  inch  in  pounds : 

Salisbury,  Conn,  iron 58,000 

Swedish  (best) 58,1:54 

Englisli  Cable 5!M(t5 

Centre  County,  Pa r)!),400   . 

Essex  County,  New  York  r)!),()(12 

Lancaster  County,  Pa 76,000 

Common  English  and  American ;}0,000 

Lake  Superior bUJ)^2 

The  knowledge  of  its  superior  quality  has  stimulated  iron 
masters  in  all  parts  of  the  country  to  procure  it  for  mixture 
with  inferior  ores.  The  first  iron  introduced  to  notice  from 
this  region,  was  from  the  vicinity  of  Marquette,  on  the  south 
shore  of  the  lake.  Though  the  ore  was  first  discovered  in 
1840,  it  was  not  brought  into  public  notice  until  the  comple- 
tion of  the  ship  canal  around  the  falls  of  Ste.  Marie's  river  in 
1855,  during  which  year  fourteen  hundred  tons  of  ore  were 


4  PETER     UEIiL     IRON     COMPANY. 

sent  to  market.  Tlie  supply  has  increased  rapidly  since, 
until,  in  the  year  1864,  it  amounted  to  two  hundred  and 
thirty-five  thousand  tons,  which  was  far  short  of  the  demand. 
The  introduction  of  the  ^larquette  ore  to  the  market  involved 
the  necessity  of  expending  several  millions  of  dollars  in  the 
construction  of  a  railroad  and  harbor  improvements  ;  yet  the 
abundance  and  superior  quality  of  this  ore,  place  these  mines 
among  the  most  remunerative  in  this  country. 

Through  th(;  kindness  of  A.  G.  Clark,  Esq.,  wo  arc  per- 
mitted to  publish  the  following  letter  of  S.  P.  Ely,  Esq.,  a 
gentleman  of  character  and  high  position,  who  has  long  been 
identified  with  the  Marquette  iron  interest : 

OrircK  Lakk  Sui-kkiou  Iron  Comi-axy,  > 
MAUciUKTTE,  Lakk  Sitkriou,  Mich.,) 

January  17th,  18(55. 
A.  G.  Clark,  Esq., 

Dear  Sir:  —  I  give  you  herewith  a  few  facts  rehitive  to  tlie  Iron  Ore 
trade  of  IMarquette  County,  and  some  particuhirs  respecting  the  com- 
panies engaged  in  it. 

This  trade  commenced  in  1858,  although  a  few  hundred  tons  were 
shipped,  experimentally,  in  185(.!.  Since  tliat  time  it  has  been  steadily 
increasing  in  importance,  until  at  the  present  time  Lake  Superior  ore 
is  the  staple  consumption  of  all  the  furnaces  situated  on  the  great  bitu- 
minous coal-fields  in  Eastern  Ohio  and  ^Vestern  Pennsylvania,  and  of 
various  furnaces  built  expressly  for  its  use  at  various  points  on  the 
lower  lakes.  Tiie  steaily  growth  of  the  trade  appears  from  the  increase 
of  ore  shipments  from  this  place  year  by  year.  For  the  last  three 
years  the  shipments  are  as  follows : 

In  1802 115,721  tons. 

"    ]8G;J 185,257     " 

»    1801 2:55,123     " 

The  shipments  of  the  past  year  would  have  been  25,000  to  50,000 
tons  greater  had  the  supply  been  equal  to  the  demand  ;  so  largely  was 
the  demand  in  excess  of  the  supply,  that  the  price  of  ore  delivered  to 
vessels  here  advanced  from  >j}o  00  a  ton,  at  the  opening  of  navigation, 
to  88  50  at  the  close. 

The  principiil  portion  of  the  business  in  ore  has  been  done  heretofore 
by  the  "  Jackson,"  the  "  Cleveland,"  and  the  "  Lake  Superior  "  Com- 


! 


PETER     BEI-L     IRON     COMPANY. 


paniea,  which  have  reached  a  high  degree  of  prosperity  in  the  business. 
The  Jackson  Company  is  organized  under  a  special  charter  (given 
before  the  passage  of  the  General  Mining  Law  of  :Michigan),  Avith 
3,000  shares  of  !?100  00  each.  It  is  understood  to  have  paid  to  its  pro- 
prietors !?125  00  a  share  in  dividends  within  the  past  four  years.  Th'i 
market  value  of  its  shares  is  from  !?000  00  to  ^700  00.  Tiie  Cleveland 
and  Lake  Superior  Companies  are  organized  under  the  CJcneral  jNIining 
Law  of  Michigan,  with  a  capital  of  20,000  shares  each,  on  which  !$15  00 
a  share  has  been  paid  in  by  the  proprietors  of  the  Cleveland  Company, 
and  §12  50  per  share  by  those  of  the  Lake  Superior  Company.  The 
Cleveland  Comi)any  have  divided,  within  the  past  three  years,  §17  00 
a  share  among  their  stockholders,  and  the  Lake  Superior  Company 
$7  50 ;  the  latter  Company  has  a  surplus  applicable  to  dividends  of 
§12  00  a  share.  The  stock  of  the  Cleveland  Company  is  held  at  §75  00 
a  share,  and  has  sold  as  high  as  §100  00 ;  and  that  of  the  Lake  Superior 
Company  at  §00  00  a  share. 

The  Morgan  Iron  Company  commenced  building  a  furnace  in  April, 
1803,  and  started  it  in  November  of  the  same  year.  Tluit  company 
cleared  §88,000  (being  considerably  more  than  the  original  investment, 
which  was  ^50,000)  in  the  first  eight  months  of  its  business.  I  see  no 
reason  why  the  manufacture  of  charcoal  iron  in  this  county  should  not 
continue  to  be  profitable  for  years  to  come. 

I  am,  yours  truly, 

S.   P.  ELY. 


EXPLANATION    OF   LETTER.      S.    P.    ELY,    Esq. 


.Jackson  Iron  Co.. 
Cleveland  Iron  Co, 
Lake  Superior  Co, 


•Slinres. 


3,000 

•,>o,ooo 

L'0,000 


I'ur. 


$100  00 
15  00 
12  50 


Ciipitnl. 


Chnr- 
tiMi'd. 


S.-iOO.OOO   ,  1800 

I 

300,000  :  18()1 

250,000  I  1861 


DiviilcmU. 

$375,000 
340,000 
300,000 


rri'sont 
\'alue. 


igOOO  00 

75  00 

no  00 


Tiitnl  Viiliio 
tShilrcrt. 


$1,800,000 
1,500,000 
1,200,000 


We  also  append  the  following  statement,  compiled  at  ]\Iar- 
quett') : 

Statement  of  the  Business  of  the  Iron  Mines  now  in  oiicratiun, 
for  one  week  luxvious  to  SeiHemher  8,   1864. 
Lakp:  Supeuiou  Iuox  Comi-anv. 
Shipped  3,557  tons  iron  ore,  at  cost,  at  ISIarquette,  of  |2  50 
per  ton  ;  worth  at  INIarquette,  §7  50  ;  profit  §5  00  per  ton ; 

is  net  profit  per  week §17,785 

Equal  to  11  per  cent,  a  month  on  §500,000  capital  stock. 


6  PETER  UELI,  IRON  COMPANY. 

Jackson  Iron  Mining  Comi-any. 

Shipped  2,2 18  tons,  at  cost,  at  Marquette,  $2  oO  per  ton ; 
worth  at  Mar([uetto  ^7  50  per  ton ;  is  net  profit  for  one 

week  previous  to  September  8 !i?ll,2-40 

Equal  to  15  per  cent  on  capital  stock  of  if:5()(),()00. 

Cleveland  Ikon  Mining  Company. 

Shipped  3,296  tons,  at  cost,  at  Marquette,  $2  50  per  ton ; 
worth  at  Marquette,  $7  50  per  ton ;  giving  net  profit  for 

one  week  previous  to  Septem])er  8 i510,480 

Equal   to   13  per  cent,  per  month  on  capital  stock  of 
$500,000. 

Lake  Angeline  and  Pittsijurgii  Ikon  Company.    (Opened  18GL) 

Shipped  800  tons,  at  net  profit,  at  Marquette,  |5  00  per  ton,      S$4,000 
Equal  to  8  per  cent  per  month  on  200,000  capital.    Is  a 
private  property. 

Morgan  Blast  Furnace. 

Net  profit  in  8  months $85,000 

Original  cost  of  the  property,  $55,000 ;  equal  to  18  per 
cent,  per  month. 

Statement,  of  Slnpmcvts  of  Iron   Ore,  hi  tons  of  2,240  lbs,,  for 
one  ur.ck,  and  the  season  previous  to  Sept.  8,  1864. 

Jackson  Iron  Company. 

Shipped  this  week 2,248  tons. 

Treviously  reported  for  this  season 44,918  tons. 

47,106  tons. 

Cleveland  Iron  Company. 

Shipped  this  week 3,296  tons. 

Previously  reported  for  tliis  season 36,471  tons. 

Amount  shipped  to  September  8 39,767  tons. 

Lake  Superior  Iron  Company. 

Shipped  this  week 3,557  tons. 

Previously  reported  for  this  season 57,800  tons. 

Amount  shipped  this  season  to  Sept.  8. . 61,357  tons. 

Pittsburgh  and  Lake  Angeline  Company.      (Commenced  1864.) 

Shipped  this  week 800  tons. 

Previously  reported  for  this  season 7,423  tons. 

8,223  tons. 


3 


PETER  BELL  IRON  COMPANY. 


Over  one  hundred  vessels  are  constantly  employed  in  the 
conveyance  of  the  ore  from  Marquette  to  the  ports  of  Lake 
Erie. 

In  the  spring  of  18G4  Peter  Bell,  an  Indian  of  the  Chip- 
pewa tribe,  and  a  resident  of  the  north  shore  of  Lake 
Superior,  discovered  near  Batchewanung  Bay,  in  Algomah 
County,  Canada  West,  forty-five  miles  north-west  from  Sault 
Ste.  Marie's  canal,  and  two  and  one  quarter  miles  from  a  deep 
and  commodious  harbor,  pure  magnetic  Iron  Ore,  which  had 
been  exposed  to  view  by  the  uprooting  of  a  tree.  Encouraged 
by  this,  he  made  further  explorations.  The  result  of  his  dis- 
coveries have  been  made  known  to  scientific  men,  wliose 
researches  and  experiments  have  demonstrated  the  fact  that 
this  ore  is  identical  with  that  at  ^larquette. 

In  September,  1864,  a  surveying  and  exploring  expedition, 
consisting  in  part  of  Col.  W.  W.  Duffield,  Civil  Engineer  of 
the  Hudson  Eiver  Ilailroad ;  Prof.  Raymond,  of  the  firm  of 
Adelberg  &  Eaymond,  Geologists  of  New  York;  Hugh 
Wilson,  Esq.,  Government  Land  Sm'veyor  of  Canada  ;  A\'^il- 
liam  Ives,  Esq.,  of  Gross  Isle,  Michigan,  U.  S.  Land  Surveyor  ; 
Samuel  A.  Forbes,  Civil  Engineer  of  Marquette,  and  several 
experienced  Cornish  miners,  after  a  protracted  and  thorough 
investigation,  have  demonstrated  by  facts  given  in  detail  in 
the  accompanying  reports,  the  superior  quality  and  the  inex- 
haustible quantity  of  this  ore.  They  report  that  the  location 
is  very  favorable  for  the  construction  of  a  railroad,  only  two 
and  one  fourth  miles  in  length,  to  the  place  of  shipment  on 
the  lake  shore.  Here  is  a  commodious  harbor,  land-locked 
and  protected  by  islands  and  points,  affording  a  safe  anchor- 
age in  all  weathers,  in  water  from  four  to  six  fathoms  deep. 

The  Peter  Bell  location  is  a  bold,  precipitous  cliff,  several 
hundred  feet  high  on  the  lake,  and  thence  gradually  sloping 
to  the  north.  Enough  has  already  been  uncovered  to  show 
that  the  supply  of  pure  magnetic  iron  ore  in  this  locality  is 
inexhaustible.  The  Raymond  vein,  so-called,  of  several  feet 
in  width,  hangs  as  it  were  on  the  face  of  the  bluff.     Nothing 


8 


I'ETER     BELL     lEON     COMPANY. 


could  be  easier  than  to  remove  the  ore  from  this  vein  without 
shafts,  galleries,  or  under-ground  Avork  of  any  kind,  ■which 
can  be  precii)itated  to  the  base,  near  the  railroad.  There  are 
also  several  other  heavier  deposits  on  this  location. 


I 


•*  •■A 


Adelherg  &  Raymond,  Minixg  and  Assay  Offick,  ") 
no  Broadway,  New  York,  March  10th,  18G5.  y 
Jas.  p.  Mansfield,  Esq., 

Boston,  Mass, 

Dear  Sir:  —  In  reply  to  your  inquiry  concerning  the  magnetic  Iron 
Ore  deposits  of  Mount  Raymond,  near  Batchewanung  Bay,  on  the 
northern  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  we  have  the  honor  to  submit  the 
following  brief  statement : 

The  property  was  carefully  examined  by  us  last  fall,  in  company  with 
a  large  and  well-appointed  corps  of  engineers  and  explorers.  Our 
investigations  resulted  in  the  discovery  of  an  iron  range,  which  wo 
traced  the  whole  length  of  this  mountain,  opening  the  veins  at  many 
points.  Passing  over  all  questions  of  geological  formation,  general  top- 
ographical characteristics,  etc.,  we  briefly  mention  those  features  of  the 
locality  directly  connected  with  its  value  for  mining. 

We  found  the  iron  ore  in  two  distinct  veins,  called  after  their  dis- 
coverers, the  "  Raymond  "  and  "  Peter  Bell."  At  the  western  end  of 
Mt.  Raymond,  both  on  the  top  of  the  mountain  and  in  its  southern 
bluff,  we  found  extensive  outcrops  of  iron.  The  Raymond  vein  hangs, 
as  it  were,  on  the  face  of  the  bluff ;  and  part  of  the  vein  has  already 
be?n  precipitated  into  the  valley  by  falling  masses  of  rocks.  Nothing 
could  be  easier  than  to  take  out  iron  ore  from  this  vein  without  shafts, 
galleries,  or  under- ground  work  of  any  kind.  •  Several  feet  of  it  were 
visible  at  the  point  where  it  was  discovered,  and  we  were  able  to 
trace  it  under  the  bowlders  for  a  hundred  feet  and  more,  sufhcient  to 
determine  its  independent  and  regular  character.  It  has,  with  the 
Peter  Bell  vein,  the  general  course  N.  03°  W.,  but  is  apparently  quite 
disconnected  from  the  even  heavier  deposits  of  the  latter. 

The  Peter  Bell  lode  crops  out  along  the  top  of  the  mountain.  It 
runs  through  to  the  western  end,  and  can  be  distinctly  seen  there  in 
the  bluff,  besides  being  traceable  for  some  distance  farther  in  the  valley. 
To  the  eastward  of  the  outcrop  first  discovered,  it  was  followed  for 
half  a  mile  and  then  lost  in  the  soil.  This  vein  could  also  be  opened 
with  advantage  from  the  bluff,  and,  in  that  case,  would  yield  immense 
quantities  of  ore  without  shafting.  It  is  difficult  to  say,  positively,  how 
wide  it  is :  but  the  outcrop  uncovered  by  us  (which  did  not  appear  at 
all  scattered)  indicated  at  least  thirty  feet.    We  have  no  doubt  that 


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other  lodes 
cover.  The 
We  took  frc 
as  the  fjrami 
As  to  cliemi 

This  loca 
Batcliewanu 
is  not  over 
leiice  of  the 
to  the  locati 
in  all  favora 

With  this 
mond,  as  a  ji 
to  remain, 

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PETER  BELL  IKON  COMPANY. 


0 


other  lodes  exist  in  this  mountain,  wliioh  future  exniorfttions  will  dis- 
'.\*;.  I  cover.     The  clmnictor  of  the  ore  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  Marquette. 

We  took  from  the  Peter  Bt'U  specimens  of  pure  red  hematite,  as  well 
as  the  (granular  magnetic  ore  whicii  constitutes  the  mass  of  the  outcrop. 
As  to  chemical  character,  we  refer  to  the  report  of  Dr.  S,  P.  Dutlicld. 

This  location  is  the  nearest  in  tlu;  whole  range  to  the  harbor  of 
Batchewanung  Bay.  The  distance,  liy  the  line  of  railroad  to  he  built, 
is  not  over  two  and  a  half  miles.  This  fact,  together  with  the  excel- 
lence of  the  harbor,  and  its  neighborhood  to  the  Sault  Stc.  Marie,  gives 
to  the  location  a  decided  advantage  over  the  Marcjuette  mines,  which 
in  all  favorable  points  it  so  closely  resembles. 

With  this  short  description  of  the  essential  features  of  Mount  llcay- 
mond,  as  a  ground  for  the  successful  mining  of  iron,  wo  have  the  honor 
to  remain. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servants, 

ADELBERG  &  RAYMOND, 

Mining  Enf/iiicers. 


1< 


i 


I 


11  K  V  O  I  i  1 


1  '^r 


OF 


riiOF.    SAMUEL    P.    DUFFIELT), 


ON     HIS     KIUST    VISIT    TO    TIIK    NF.WI.V     DISCOVKllKI) 


IRON    MOUNTAIN    AT    BATCIIEWANIJN(J    BAY. 


I.v  accordance  with  instructions  received  from  J.  P.  Mansfield,  Esc]., 
I  started  witli  him  upon  tiie  Prf>peller  Lac  La  IJelle  to  the  iron  moun- 
tain which  is  the  special  subject  of  this  report.  We  arrived  at  the 
Sault,  and  were  detained  a  day  waitinji;  for  Mr.  Wilson,  the  Ciovern- 
nient  Aj^ent,  to  ;^et  the  small  ])oat  ready  which  was  to  convey  us  to  our 
destination.  Friday  evening  we  set  out  and  encamped  at  a  jioint  called 
Point  aux  Pines.  Early  next  morning,  resuming  our  journey,  we 
arrived  at  Hatchewanung  river  just  as  the  sun  was  setting  on  Satur- 
day evening.  Three  days  were  spent  in  exploring  the  mountain.  This 
wonderful  mass  towers  up  to  the  height  of  six  hundred  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  lake.  I  commenced  my  operiitions  immediately  on  arriving 
at  its  base.  The  distance  is  about  four  miles.  The  mountain  was  laid 
bare  in  several  places,  and  the  lodes,  with  their  aggregated  veins,  exam- 
ined as  well  as  we  could  without  putting  in  a  blast,  which,  owing  to 
a  deficiency  in  Air.  ^laitland's  drills,  we  could  not  do. 

The  veins  are  of  magneti'.'  iron,  interchanging  with  veins  of  red  por- 
phyry or  jasper :  the  dip  of  the  vein  was  eigiity-five  degrees  to  the 
south,  and  the  courses  of  the  mass  of  veins  ran  a  little  north  of  east. 
Occasionally  a  vein  of  qua'-tz  was  found  intersecting  the  iron  and  por- 
phyretic  veins  at  right  angles :  at  every  point  we  found  the  quartz 
cutting  the  iron  veins,  it  was  always  at  this  angle. 

The  first  lode  contained  iron  and  porphyry.  The  second  lode  was  a 
quartz  ore  rock.  The  third  lode  was  iron  and  porphyry,  and  fourth 
lode  was  quartz  ore  rock.  So  the  lodes  interchanged  regularly.  Thus 
rose  this  mountain  lode  of  iron,  seamed  with  porphyry,  piled  upon  a 
similar  lode  until  the  altitude  of  six  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
lake  was  reached. 


PETKR      MKI,  r,      IKON      COM  1' ANY. 


II 


Tlic  real  chnrnctor  of  tlio  moiintiiin  rouM  not  lie  well  defined  until 
wc  had  tniien  oft'  tlic  Hoil  on  tlie  Hiirfiice.  Tliese  iron  veins  ran  toward 
the  eiist,  that  in,  oast  by  oast-nortli-east,  or  ten  (U';,'ree«  north  of  east, 
on  the  compass.  From  not  bein;;  id)li'  to  ])Mt  in  a  blast,*  I  was  nn- 
able  to  iH't  (h)wn  upon  tiie  ricli  mass  of  iron,  wiiicli,  as  far  as  iiuman 
faliiliility  allows  nic  to  form  any  ftbsolute  concluRion«,  1  was  almost 
certain  would  be  found  underneath.  At  first  I  was  miieh  astonished  at 
the  prcsenec  of  these  jasper  veins,  and  was  fearful  that  my  eonelusion 
of  the  worth  of  the  mine  nu;,dit  be  false.  Mr.  Wilson,  the  (Jovern- 
inent  Agent,  at  my  request,  traeed  the  iron  vein  to  the  river,  and  gave 
me  its  course.  Upon  layinj,'  it  out  upon  the  map,  I  found  it  cut  flic 
.lackson  mine,  and  ran  in  the  same  line  as  that  famous  vein.  At  my 
rerpiest  he  also  traced  the  couvse  of  the  vein  to  the  lake,  my  feeble 
state  of  health  not  allowing  me  to  risk  so  arduous  a  task.  This  also 
(U)nfirme(l  my  view  that  it  was  part  of  the  Manpiette  vein.  I  therefore; 
.suggested  to  Mr.  Mansfield  the  propriety  of  my  ^'oing  to  Maripiette, 
and  looking  uj)  the  vein  at  the  Jackson  mine,  to  cump.nre  their  cap  rocks, 
and  sec  whetiier  their  identification  would  substantiate  my  views,  or 
contradict  them.  Tlic  i)reseiiec  in  the  specimens  ])efore  me  of  por- 
l)hyry  had  depressed  me,  as  1  did  not  recollect  of  having  .seen  anything 
of  the  kind  at  the  Jackson  mine.  Hence  I  desired  to  go  and  visit  the 
Jackson  and  Sujierior  mines,  and  see  if  their  surface  rocks  were  the 
sar.  ',  and  the  l)earing  of  their  vein  was  the  same  with  those  out-crop- 
ping at  natchewanuiig  mountain.  With  this  rejiort  you  will  find  sam- 
ples from  both  locations.  Those  marked  J  are  from  .lackson,  and  those 
marked  H  are  from  Batcliewanung  location.  You  will  see  that  it 
reijuires  no  knowledge  of  mineralogy  to  call  these  two  of  the  same 
formation.  At  the  .lackson  mine  I  found  the  same  features  that  we 
have  cropping  out  at  the  location  which  thi.-.  Company  desires  to  pur- 
chase. 

There  is  a  little  difference  I  will  call  your  attention  to.  While  the 
geological  structure  is  the  same  with  both  s[iecimens,  the  iron  of  your 
location  is  magnetic  ;  the  other  is  not.  I  have  powders  of  both  for  your 
examination.     One  deflects  the  compass  needle  ;  the  other  does  not. 

So  much  for  the  mountain.     \V'e  go  now  to  the  location  and 

IIAR150U. 

At  the  base  of  the  mountain,  and  curving  gracefully  around  it,  is  a 
small  stream  of  delicious  water,  which  at  certain  sea.sons  is  ipiite  swollen, 
and  carries  a  large  body  of  water  down  to  the  river  and  lake.     The 

*0n  Prof.  Dufnold's  seooncl  visit,  witli  a  large  corps  of  scientific  gentlemen  and 
Cornisli  miners,  several  lilni-ts  were  put  in,  and  showed  satisfactorily  that  his  judgment 
was  correct,  which  la  verlHed  by  those  who  were  with  him,  in  the  reports. 


IS 


I'F.TKU      ni:i,I,     I  HON     COMI'ANY. 


j^nuliiiilly  Hlopinjj  Hiflos  of  tliis  Rtrcnm  would  inako  ft  fine  point  to  run 
tl»>  railroad  track  from  tlio  dock  to  tlio  mini'.  Tlit'  dock  should  ho 
cwtftldiHlu'd  at  tin;  point.  This  point  lias  Itt'cu  fornio<l  liy  the  current  of 
tlic  h'Hscr  Hatch(!waiuiiij{  river,  and  tlu>  current  in  the  l>ay  setting  out 
and  meotin^j  the  current  of  tho  larger  Hatchowanunj?  river,  ami  th« 
(iurrent  of  tiu-  lake  unih-r  a  storm  setting?  in.  We  meiisured  the  depth 
of  the  water,  and  fifty  feet  from  th(>  shore  it  had  a  (U'|)th  of  twenty  teet, 
increasing  aa  we  went  out  toward  what  is  now  called  Hatchewauuug 
inland. 

The  harbor  is  a  remarkably  fine  one,  well  protected  from  tho  storms 
by  the  island  and  points.  It  looks  to  the  south.  The  greater  Hatch- 
owanung  river  ia  not  very  deep.  It  would  float  a  schooner  for  about  a 
mile  from  its  mouth;  but  owing  to  cros«  currents  there  is  (piitc  a  shal- 
low place  at  the  mouth,  which  would  prevent  the  entrance  of  a  larger 
vessel  than  ono  drawing  two  or  three  feet  getting  into  it. 

TIMBKIl. 

On  tho  mountain  wo  found  plenty  of  timber,  the  main  portion  being 
white  cedar,  mai)le,  birch,  etc. 

The  above  report  is  respectfully  submitted. 


SAMUKL  r.  DUFFIELD, 

Consulting  Chemist  and  Mineralogist. 


Detroit,  Juli/  25th,  1864. 


ANALYSTS    OF    ORE, 


KHOM 


BATCIIKW'ANUNG    JJAY, 


BY    rUOF.    S.    p.    DUFKIKLD. 


DtTKKiKi,D'M  Laiioratoiiy,  Oct.  10th,  1801. 
Gextlkmkn : 

Tn  accordancn  with  instructions  received  from  J.  P.  Mansfield,  Kscj., 
I  have  assayed  several  samples  of  tht;  ore  brought  down  by  the  last 
exploring  i)arty,  with  the  following  result : 

No.  1  was  the  poorest  slate  ore.     It  yielded  in  per  centagc  : 

Iron,  metallic, ;{t!.00 

Rock  and  oxygon, (i l.(K) 

loo.oo 

Flux  used  in  crucible,  50  parts  ore,  50  parts  carbonate  lime,  10  parts 
bottle  glass. 

No.  2  was  a  medium  quality  of  slate  ore.     It  afforded  in  100  parts 

Iron,  metallic, 40.00 

Rock  and  oxygen, .'Jl.OO 

100.00 
Flux  used  was  50  grammes  ore,  20  grammes  carbonate  lime,  10 
grammes  bottle  glass. 

No.  3  best  slate  ore,  selected : 

Iron, 52.00 

Rock  and  oxygen, 48.00 

100.00 
Flux  used,  50  grammes  ore,  40  grammes  carbonate  lime,  10  grammes 
bottle  glass. 


14 


PETER  HELL  IROX  COMPANY. 


Tliia  will  be  superior  iron  for  steel  or  wire  making.     It  is  finer  in  its 
grain  than  the  massive  magnetite. 

No.  1  magnetite  (massive  variety)  with  jasper  veins,  yield: 

Iron,  metallic;, jKJ.OO 

liock  and  oxygen, 4  l.OO 

100.00 
Flux  used,  30  grammes  ore,  50  grammes  carbonate  lime,  10  grammes 
bottle  glass. 

No.  r>  was  the  best  piece  of  true  massive  magnetite,  selected  from 
the  mass  without  dressing,  yield  : 

Iron,  metallic, 00.00 

Rock  and  oxygen, 40.00 


100.00 


No.  6  Analysis. 

The  iron  vein  was  separated  from  the  rock  as  much  as  possible ;  was 
assayed  with  tlie  following  result : 

Iron, 70.00 

Oxygon  rock,  etc., W.UO 


Total, 


100.00 


This  gives  a  good,  gray,  malleable  iron,  or  what  is  commonly  known 
as  >.'o.  1  pig. 

Flux  used,  .")0  grammes  ore,  .10  grammes  carbonate  lime,  10  grammes 
bottle  glass. 

This  is  the  quantity  of  the  ore.  As  regards  the  quality  of  the  ore, 
the  slate  ore  yields  the  finest  iron,  although  not  such  a  large  per  cent- 
age.  The  "  massive  magnetite  "  yields  a  first  rate  No.  1  gray  pig  and 
60  per  cent  of  iron,  and  can  be  ranked  with  any  ore  yet  discovered  on 
Lake  Superior.  I  append  to  tiiis  report  an  extract  from  Percy's  Met- 
alurgy.  published  in  England,  in  order  that  you  may  gain  a  clear  idea 
of  the  value  of  this  kind  of  ore  (magnetic  iron  ore).  It  is  (pioted  from 
Sir  William  Logan's  pamphlet  on  the  descriptive  catalogue  of  the  min- 
erals sent  to  the  Interiuitional  Exhibition,  in  London,  1802.  Pamphlet 
was  published  at  Montreal. 

"  Tlie  mine  commonly  called  '  The  big  iron  bed  of  Marmora,"  Bel- 
"  niont,  aj)j)ears  to  consist  of  a  succession  of  beds,  one  measuring  one 
"  hundred  feet  thick.  The  total  breadth  of  the  mass  is  five  hundred 
"  and  twenty-eight  feet.  It  belongs  to  the  Laurentian  series,  lies 
"  between  beds  of  gneiss  and  crystalline  limestone  and  talcose  slate, 
"  associated  with  diallage  rock,  serpentine  and  epidote.     This  ore  con- 


in  its 


imes 


rom 


I 


PETER  BELL  inOX  COMPANY. 


15 


tarns  from  60  per  cent,  to  70  per  cent,  of  iron.     Iron  of  superior  qual- 
ity was  manufactured,  but  the  distance  from  a  shipping  port  proved  a 
serious  obstacle  to  the  continuance  of  the  blast  furnace.     At  Madoc 
•  IS  a  fourth  bed  twenty-five  feet  thick.     This  ore  contains  70  per  cent 
iron,  and  is  very  free  from  sulphur.     It  is  strongly  polar." 
In  the  above  description,  you  iiave  a  perfect  pi(;ture  of  the  iron  it 
was  my  fortun:^  to  explore  for  your  company.     While  that  iron   now 
only  yields  GO  per  cent.,  we  must  remember  that  we  are  but  three  feet 
below  the  surface,  and  can  reasonably  expect  that  it  will  fully  reach  70 
per  cent,  when  you  go  deeper. 

I  will  be  able  to  furnish  you  a  quantity  from  the  blast  furnace  soon. 

Yours  very  respectfully, 


vas 


vn 


es 


SAMUEL  P.  DUFFIELD, 

Consulting  and  Mineralojical  Chemist. 


Detroit,  Oct.  lOth.  1864. 


R  E  P  O  Pv  T 


OF 


SAMUEL    A.    FOEBES, 


civil.    ENGIXEEU,    MAUQUETTE, 


About  the  20th  of  September,  1861,  Peter  White,  Esq.,  Casl)ier  First 
National  Bank,  Marquette,  Michigan,  informed  me  that  Mr.  J.  P. 
Mansfiekl,  of  Detroit,  had  written  re(iiiosting  him  to  procure  the 
services  of  some  one  acquainted  with  iron  mines,  to  join  liim  and  party 
at  the  Sault  Ste.  Claris  without  dehay. 

I  accordingly  made  some  hasty  arrangements  and  took  my  departure 
from  ^larquette  for  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  meeting  Mr.  Mansfiehl  and 
party  there,  from  whence  we  proceeded  to  the  newly  discovered  iron 
range,  on  Batchewanung  Bay,  in  Canada  West.  The  party  numbered 
twenty-four  persons  in  all,  and  embraced  every  variety  of  talent  neces- 
sary to  perform  the  work  for  which  it  was  organized  —  namely,  a 
thorough  exploration  of  the  iron  range  with  reference  to  its  exact  geo- 
graphical position,  its  geological  features,  the  quantity  and  quality  of 
the  ore,  its  eligibility  and  prospective  value  for  mining  operations. 

Nearly  three  weeks  were  occupied  in  examining  the  range,  establish- 
ing boundary  lines,  and  determining  a  route  for  a  railroad  from  Batche- 
wanung Bay  to  the  iron  ledge  called  the  Peter  Bell  location. 

This  location  is  on  the  soutii  side  of  Mount  Raymond,  not  exceeding 
two  and  one  half  miles  from  the  point  selected  for  the  docks  on 
Batchewanung  Bay. 

From  this  iron  deposit  to  the  bay  a  practicable  line  may  be  located 
for  a  railroad,  which  can  be  built  with  a  constantly  descending  grade, 
whose  maximum  will  not  exceed  seventy-five  (75)  feet  per  mile,  whicli 
is  not  objectionable,  as  the  traffic  of  the  line  will  be  wholly  in  one 
direction. 

In  speaking  of  this  bay,  Col.  W.  W.  Dnffield  says,  "  There  is  no  har- 
bor of  greater  capacity,  with  easier  access  or  better  holding-ground, 
upon  the  entire  chain  of  our  north-western  lakes." 

From  soundings  in  the  harbor,  I  found  that  fifteen  (15)  feet  of  water 
can  be  obtained  within  three  hundred  QWO)  feet  of  the  shore. 

The  evidence  as  to  the  quantity  of  ore  is  plain  and  satisfactory.     The 


PETER     IJELL     IRON      COMPANY. 


17 


ore  bed  was  exposed  <at  difFerent  places,  showing  a  width  of  thirty  feet ; 
and  I  think  further  examination  will  prove  it  much  wider  ;  add  to  this 
that  Mount  Raymond  is  not  less  than  two  hundred  feet  hijlh,  and  the 
evidence  as  to  the  abundance  of  ore  is  ample  and  conclusive. 

The  facilities  for  mining  on  this  location  are  not  excelled  in  any 
locality  I  have  ever  visited. 

The  railroad  will  pass  near  the  base  of  the  bluff,  which  is  formed  in 
part  by  the  iron  ore  and  which  can  be  thrown  down  by  blasts  almost  to 
the  road  below.  ' 

The  ore  is  mainly  magnetic,  but  in  the  northern  part  of  the  bed  some 
specimens  were  taken  out  that  were  not ;  and  it  is  probable  that  the 
same  variety  of  ore  will  be  found  here  that  is  found  in  the  ^larquette 
Mines,  in  Michigan.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  mass  of  the  ore  in 
the  ^larquette  iron  beds  is  not  magnetic,  while  that  of  the  Hatche- 
■wanung  range  is  magnetic.  For  further  particulars  in  reference  to  the 
ores,  T  refer  to  the  analysis  of  Prof.  S.  P.  Duffield. 

With  the  requisite  material  and  laborers,  all  of  which  arc  now  being 
procured  to  begin  operations  as  soon  as  navigation  opens  on  the  lakes, 
the  road  can  be  completed  to  this  location  by  the  first  of  August,  18G."5, 
by  w'lici  -me  a  large  quantity  of  ore  can  be  raised  and  ready  for  ship- 
ment 1  '.r:  mine:  and  if  the  work  is  thoroughly  pushed,  twenty 
thousai.  1  -d  may  be  shipped  the  present  year.  With  proper  force 
working  in  the  mine,  one  hundred  thousand  tons  may  be  shipped  in  the 
year  IStiO. 

The  superior  quality  of  iron  manufactured  from  Lake  Superior  ores, 
and  the  large  percentage  which  they  yield,  rank  them  first  among  iron 
ores,  and  is  creating  a  steadily  increasing  demand  for  them  in  the 
market  wherever  fine  iron  is  required,  and  also  for  mixing  with  inferior 
ores  from  other  localities,  —  as  in  Pennsylvania,  in  order  to  raise  their 
iron  to  a  marketable  standard.  The  demand  for  pure  ores  will  increase 
with  their  development;  and  as  no  region  jiroduces  better  ore  than  the 
Lake  Superior  region,  we  may  reasonably  expect  the  demand  for  them 
will  not  diminish  but  steadily  increase  for  years  to  come. 

From  observations  during  more  than  three  years  residence  in  the 
iron  district  at  Marquette,  and  my  knowledge  of  the  Peter  Bell  location 
from  personal  examinations  of  the  locality,  I  have  no  hesitation  in 
venturing  the  opinion  that  its  mineral  prospects  and  eligibility  render 
it  as  favorable  for  mining  operations  as  any  new  location  within  my 


t 


knowledge. 


S.  A.  FORBES. 


18 


PETER     DEI.L     IRON     COMPANY. 


The  ore  from  this  location  is  strongly  polar,  or  magnetic, 
which  gives  it  a  great  advantage  over  the  Marquette  ore. 
This  ore  makes  the  finest  steel.  The  steel  interest  in  this 
country  is  yet  in  its  infancy.  ]3ut  the  protective  tariff  and 
rates  of  exchange  give  great  encouragement  to  its  manufiic- 
ture.  At  the  present  time  a  large  amount  is  being  invested 
in  the  construction  of  steel  manufactcjries.  In  a  short  time 
it  Avill  be  second  only  to  the  iron  interest. 

The  amount  of  magnetic  ore  in  this  country  that  is  accessi- 
ble, is  limited,  except  where  it  is  so  remote,  or  so  located  as 
to  require  the  construction  of  railroads  at  great  expense,  and 
much  loss  of  time.  The  Peter  Bell  location  is  but  two  and 
one  fourth  miles  from  a  commodious  harbor  on  Lake  Superior, 
forty-five  miles  from  the  canal  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie's,  and  one 
hundred  and  thirty-five  miles  nearer  Cleaveland  and  the  other 
ii'on  markets  of  Lake  Erie  than  ^larquette. 

Navigation  along  the  south  shore  of  Lake  Superior  is  known 
to  be  diificidt  and  dangerous  in  consequence  of  the  severe 
north-easterly  gales.  Our  location  is  free  from  any  such 
objections.  Sailing  vessels  can  very  often  go  from  Ste. 
^larie's  canal  to  our  dock,  load  and  return  to  the  lower 
lakes,  in  less  time  than  is  required  to  beat  up  to  Marquette 
harbor. 

An  important  advantage  of  the  iron  interest  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior over  all  others,  is  a  fact  that  a  vessel  can  load  and  sail 
without  any  rehandling,  to  the  markets  on  the  lower  lakes. 
AVe  can  charter  vessels  to  our  location  at  fifty  cents  per  ton 
less  than  to  Marquette.  $200,000  have  been  expended  in 
Marquette  for  a  break- water  alone,  in  addition  to  the  great 
expense  incurred  in  building  their  rail-road. 

The  rail-road  to  our  mine  is  to  be  begun  immediately  after 
the  opening  of  navigation,  by  parties  who  have  the  requisite 
wealth  and  energy  ;  and  who  have  agreed  to  transport  all  the 
ore  to  the  harbor  for  fifty  cents  per  ton.  The  first,  or  tram 
road,  Avill  be  completed  before  August  1,  and  immediately 
after  the  opening  of  navigation  in  May,  we  can  begin  to  mine 


\ 


PETKR  BELL  IRON  COMPANY. 


19 


s 


the  ore ;  and  upon  the  completion  of  the  road  to  ship  it  at 
once. 

The  cost  of  shipment  on  the  Marquette  road  is  as  follows  : 

The  distance  from  ^rarqiiotte  to  tlie  Jackson  mines  is  thirteen 
and  one-half  miles.  Railroad  freight  on  one  ton  of  ore 
(2210  lbs.)  ai  02 

The  distance  from  Marquette  to  the  Cleaveland  mine  is  fifteen 
and  one-half  miles.  Railroad  freight  on  one  ton  of  ore 
(2240  lbs.)  fjl  08 

The  distance  from  Marquette  to  the  Lake  Superior  mine  is  six- 
teen and  one  quarter  miles.  Railroad  freight  on  one  ton  of 
ore  (2210  lbs.)  $1  12 

All  the  railroad  charges  are  by  the  net  ton,  and  are  as  follows  : 

From  Jackson  mine  to  Marquette 91  cents. 

"    Cleveland  mine  to         "  97      " 

"    Lake  Superior  mine  to  Marquette 100      " 

The  railroad  charge  from  the  Peter  Bell  location  to  the 
harbor  is  fifty  cents  per  ton  less  than  at  Marquette.  The 
transportation  by  vessels  is  also  fifty  cents  less.  Thus  a  sav- 
ing of  oile  dollar  per  ton  is  made,  Avhich  alone  is  sufficient  lo 
furnish  large  dividends. 

The  Peter  Bell  location,  containing  eight  hundred  and  forty 
acres  of  land,  is  -well  timbered  with  sugar  maple,  birch,  white 
cedar,  with  some  pine.  Being  in  the  British  possessions,  and 
declared  a  free  port  by  the  Canadian  authorities,  to  induce  its 
settlement,  it  has  the  great  advantage  of  enabling  us  to  ship 
charcoal  iron  to  Great  Britain  free  from  duty,  where  it  is  in 
great  demand  at  renmncrating  prices. 

'J'his  property  is  offered  at  the  low  price  of  $250,000, 
$50,000  of  which  is  to  be  set  apart  for  working  capital.  The 
whole  is  to  be  divided  into  fifty  thousand  shares,  which  are 
offered  to  subscribers  at  $5  00  per  share.  Its  nearness  to 
market,  the  safe  and  commodious  harbor,  the  cheapness  of 
mining,  the  superior  quality  of  the  ore,  its  inexhaustible 
quantity  and  increasing  demand,  will,  it  is  believed,  make  the 
investment  permanent  and  profitable.     The  mining  of  thirty 


20 


PETEll  BELL  IRON  COMPANY. 


thousand  tons,  which  is  much  k'ss  than  our  capacity,  and  dis- 
posing thereof  at  the  prices  of  last  season  at  jNIarquettc,  would 
furnish  a  profit  of  $150,000,  over  all  expenses,  or  thirty  per 
cent,  on  tlie  capital  stock. 

The  length  of  oiu-  railroad  is  but  two  and  one  fourth 
miles,  while  that  of  the  road  at  Marquette  is  from  fourteen 
miles  to  twenty-seven  miles  to  their  different  mines.  Theix* 
transportation  on  the  lake  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  miles 
farther  than  ours,  to  the  mouth  of  Stc.  Marie's  Canal.  The 
magnetic  character  of  our  ore,  the  immense  amount  of  timber, 
the  advantages  of  a  foreign  market,  will  make  it  a  sound  divi- 
dend-paying investment  that  must  improve  yearly  with  the 
growing  demands  and  its  developments. 


